{"id":248,"date":"2008-11-05T01:22:04","date_gmt":"2008-11-05T00:22:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pixy.cz\/pixynergia\/?p=248"},"modified":"2008-11-05T01:23:18","modified_gmt":"2008-11-05T00:23:18","slug":"ma-pravidlo-zipu-smysl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pixy.cz\/pixynergia\/2008\/11\/05\/ma-pravidlo-zipu-smysl","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e1 „pravidlo zipu“ smysl?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Takzvan\u00e9 pravidlo zipu<\/a> je\nmezi \u0159idi\u010di neust\u00e1le diskutovan\u00e9 t\u00e9ma. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ho nejsou a nebudou s\u00a0to\npochopit<\/a>, jin\u00ed budou nav\u017edy p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni o\u00a0sv\u00e9 pravd\u011b, by\u0165 by byla\nsebeblb\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/a>.\nD\u00e1 se ale n\u011bjak dok\u00e1zat, co je opravdu lep\u0161\u00ed a jestli m\u00e1 to pravidlo\nskute\u010dn\u011b n\u011bjak\u00e9 opodstatn\u011bn\u00ed a objektivn\u00ed v\u00fdznam? Podle m\u011b\u00a0ano.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm si ujasn\u011bme jednu v\u011bc. Pokud je provoz na d\u00e1lnici plynul\u00fd a\nrozestupy mezi auty tak velk\u00e9, \u017ee pokryj\u00ed i\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpomalen\u00ed a\nomezen\u00ed t\u0159eba na 60\u00a0km\/h nezp\u016fsob\u00ed kolonu, pak nen\u00ed prakticky co \u0159e\u0161it.\nZde \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 podobn\u00e1 pravidla pot\u0159eba nejsou a ka\u017ed\u00fd sv\u00e9pr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u0159idi\u010d je\nschopen se optim\u00e1ln\u011b za\u0159adit a projet kritick\u00fdm m\u00edstem zcela plynule, ani\u017e\nby n\u011bkoho kolem n\u011bjak omezil. Jde ale o\u00a0ty extr\u00e9mn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed situace, kdy je\nhustota provozu vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed a zpomalen\u00ed provozu a uzav\u0159en\u00ed jednoho pruhu dopravu\nomez\u00ed nebo dokonce zastav\u00ed. V\u00a0takov\u00e9 situaci se strategie slu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed dvou\nj\u00edzdn\u00edch pruh\u016f do jednoho st\u00e1v\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b z\u00e1sadn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem.<\/p>\n\n

Matematick\u00fd pohled<\/h3>\n\n

Problematika spojov\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00edzdn\u00edch pruh\u016f se d\u00e1 z\u00a0matematick\u00e9ho pohledu\np\u0159ev\u00e9st na po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0koeficientem ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm, v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru kolik\u00e1t\u00fd\n\u0159idi\u010d v\u00a0prav\u00e9m, pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9m pruhu p\u0159ed sebe pust\u00ed ridi\u010de\nz\u00a0kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edho pruhu lev\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n

    \n\t
  1. Pravidlo zipu<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 zde je to p\u0159esn\u011b k=1<\/em>. Ka\u017ed\u00fd\n\t\u0159idi\u010d p\u0159ed sebe pust\u00ed jedno auto, pak projede s\u00e1m. Za t\u00e9to situace se\n\tpohybuj\u00ed oba pruhy shodnou rychlost\u00ed. P\u0159i jin\u00fdch strategi\u00edch plat\u00ed jin\u00fd\n\tkoeficient k<\/em>\u00a0a chov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0j\u00edzdn\u00edch pruz\u00edch se\u00a0li\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\t
  2. Agreso\u0159i a submisivn\u00ed dobr\u00e1ci<\/strong> (k<1)<\/em>. Zdaleka\n\tne jen ryze teoretick\u00e1 situace, kdy si vozy v\u00a0lev\u00e9m pruhu dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed vynutit\n\tvpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed do prav\u00e9ho pruhu \u010dast\u011bji, nad r\u00e1mec \u201esolidarity\u201c. P\u0159ed\n\tjedno auto vpravo se klidn\u011b vecpou dva i\u00a0v\u00edce voz\u016f, p\u0159ipojuj\u00edc\u00ed se\n\tagresivn\u00ed \u0159idi\u010di nedaj\u00ed \u0159idi\u010d\u016f v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9m pruhu na v\u00fdb\u011br,\n\tzat\u00edmco ti vpravo je \u201erad\u0161i pust\u00ed\u201c. Lev\u00fd pruh se v\u00a0t\u00e9to situaci\n\tpohybuje rychleji (1\/k-kr\u00e1t<\/em>) ne\u017e prav\u00fd. I\u00a0kdy\u017e je v\u00a0t\u00e9to situaci\n\tlev\u00fd pruh rychlej\u0161\u00ed, m\u011bl by p\u0159i vyrovnan\u00e9m stavu b\u00fdt del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pruh\n\tprav\u00fd. Ale do del\u0161\u00edho pruhu se nikdo p\u0159i dojet\u00ed kolony za\u0159adit nechce.\n\tD\u00e9lka lev\u00e9ho pruhu proto bude kol\u00edsat mezi v\u00fdrazn\u011b krat\u0161\u00edm (\u201evlevo to\n\tjede rychleji, za\u0159ad\u00edm se tam\u201c) po p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u011b dlouh\u00fd. Nav\u00edc zde\n\tfunguje psychologick\u00fd faktor, \u017ee agresivn\u00edch \u0159idi\u010d\u016f je (p\u0159ece jen) m\u00e9n\u011b\n\tne\u017e \u0159idi\u010d\u016f \u201esubmisivn\u00edch\u201c a do lev\u00e9ho pruhu s\u00a0v\u011bdom\u00edm toho, \u017ee si\n\tza chv\u00edli bude muset vynucovat za\u0159azen\u00ed doprava, si ne ka\u017ed\u00fd troufne.<\/li>\n\n\t
  3. Zoufalci a dobr\u00e9 du\u0161e<\/strong> (k>1)<\/em>. Auto jede\n\tv\u00a0lev\u00e9m pruhu a sna\u017e\u00ed se \u201evecpat\u201c do pruhu prav\u00e9ho. Pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00fd pruh\n\tm\u00e1 p\u0159ednost, \u0159idi\u010di v\u00a0lev\u00e9m pruhu jsou nav\u00edc vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed jako ti, kte\u0159\u00ed\n\t\u201ep\u0159edb\u00edhaj\u00ed\u201c\u00a0\u2013 tak\u017ee nezb\u00fdv\u00e1 ne\u017e doufat v\u00a0dobrotu a ochotu\n\tn\u011bkoho vpravo. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b to, jestli je pust\u00ed v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru ka\u017ed\u00e9 t\u0159et\u00ed,\n\tnebo des\u00e1t\u00e9, nebo pades\u00e1t\u00e9 auto, m\u00e1 vliv pouze na to, jak rychle poroste\n\tkolona v\u00a0lev\u00e9m pruhu a jak\u00e1 bude ochota \u0159idi\u010d\u016f se tam za\u0159adit. Tak jako\n\ttak skon\u010d\u00ed lev\u00fd pruh v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b shodn\u011b jako v\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b:\n\tstejn\u011b dlouh\u00fd nebo o\u00a0n\u011bco krat\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pruh prav\u00fd, pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Konec matematiky<\/h3>\n\n

    Nyn\u00ed ud\u011bl\u00e1m krok stranou, abych to v\u0161echno pop\u0159el: cel\u00e1 tahle\nmatematika je toti\u017e \u00fapln\u011b zbyte\u010dn\u00e1. Cht\u011bl jsem jen uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee v\u0161echny\np\u0159\u00edpady se ve v\u00fdsledku li\u0161\u00ed jen v\u00a0tom, jestli bude rychlej\u0161\u00ed lev\u00fd pruh,\nnebo prav\u00fd, jestli se konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u0159idi\u010d v\u00edce zdr\u017e\u00ed vlevo, nebo vpravo. Ale\nna rychlost dopravy jako celku, na pr\u016fchodnost dan\u00e9ho dopravn\u00edho uzlu to\nnem\u00e1 prakticky \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv: kolona kon\u010d\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou s\u00a0ob\u011bma pruhy cca\nstejn\u011b dlouh\u00fdmi a auta se p\u0159ed spojen\u00edm pruh\u016f n\u011bjak<\/em> za\u0159azuj\u00ed do\npr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho pruhu a do z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed vj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed stejn\u011b rychle.<\/p>\n\n

    Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 je zde to \u201ep\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b\u201c. Ty ztr\u00e1ty a efektivita cel\u00e9ho\nsyst\u00e9mu jsou toti\u017e v\u00a0t\u011bch \u201enestandardnos\u00adtech\u201c. Zpomalen\u00ed vznik\u00e1 tam,\nkde se dva \u0159idi\u010di nonverb\u00e1ln\u011b dohaduj\u00ed, kdo koho pust\u00ed. Ke zpomalen\u00ed vede\nneplynulost: kdykoli se kdokoli v\u00a0prav\u00e9m pruhu m\u016f\u017ee rozhodnout zabrzdit, aby\npustil auto zleva. Zpomalen\u00ed vznik\u00e1 i\u00a0p\u0159i volb\u011b \u201eefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho\u201c\npruhu p\u0159i doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed kolony a p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9m m\u011bn\u011bn\u00ed pruh\u016f. V\u0161echny\ntyto faktory vedou k\u00a0mal\u00e9mu, ale nezanedbateln\u00e9mu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rychlosti cel\u00e9\nkolony. A\u00a0to zde v\u016fbec nemluv\u00edme o\u00a0bezpe\u010dnosti a sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0rizik.<\/p>\n\n

    Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou a prakticky jedin\u00fdm smyslem pravidla zipu je toti\u017e jeho\npredikovatelnost. Jasn\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed pravidel zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch shodnou rychlost\na pr\u016fchodnost obou pruh\u016f (odpad\u00e1 volba, kam se v\u00a0kolon\u011b za\u0159adit) a\njednozna\u010dn\u00fd postup p\u0159i slu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed (t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed z\u00fa\u017een\u00edm mus\u00edm pustit\npr\u00e1v\u011b jedno auto, resp. t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed z\u00fa\u017een\u00edm m\u011b ten vedle m\u011b mus\u00ed\npustit, nemus\u00edm se ho prosit). Auta mohou jet plynule a\u017e k\u00a0m\u00edstu slou\u010den\u00ed\npruh\u016f a proto\u017ee \u0159idi\u010di nemus\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my s\u00a0p\u0159ej\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm mezi\npruhy a je minimalizov\u00e1no riziko, \u017ee n\u011bkdo se bude cht\u00edt p\u0159esouvat doleva\nd\u0159\u00edv (ano, s\u00a0t\u00edm to pravidlo po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1!), m\u016f\u017ee se cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m pohybovat\nv\u00fdrazn\u011b plynuleji a pota\u017emo rychleji.<\/p>\n\n

    A\u00a0to je cel\u00fd zakopan\u00fd pes pravidla zipu. Zb\u00fdv\u00e1 jen, aby si v\u0161ichni\nz\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00ed uv\u011bdomili, \u017ee poru\u0161en\u00edm toho pravidla jdou sami proti sob\u011b.\nNepu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed toho jednoho auta p\u0159ed sebe, snaha za\u0159adit se vpravo d\u0159\u00edv,\nzablokov\u00e1n\u00ed lev\u00e9ho pruhu\u00a0\u2013 to v\u0161e cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m zpomaluje a i\u00a0kdy\u017e\nn\u011bkomu t\u0159eba takov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed zrovna u\u0161et\u0159\u00ed sekundu, na p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm\nz\u00fa\u017een\u00ed mu to ten \u201erozbit\u00fd\u201c syst\u00e9m nejsp\u00ed\u0161 vr\u00e1t\u00ed a nabere to zp\u00e1tky\ni\u00a0s\u00a0\u00faroky. Jen\u017ee to je na tom to nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Vychc\u00e1nkov\u00e9, co se sna\u017e\u00ed\nz\u00a0principu o\u0161ulit ka\u017ed\u00fd syst\u00e9m; blbe\u010dkov\u00e9, co syst\u00e9m nikdy nepochop\u00ed; a\nmatlafouskov\u00e9, co ani netu\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bjak\u00fd syst\u00e9m v\u016fbec existuje, ti jsou\nbohu\u017eel\u00a0v\u011b\u010dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Takzvan\u00e9 pravidlo zipu je mezi \u0159idi\u010di neust\u00e1le diskutovan\u00e9 t\u00e9ma. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ho nejsou a nebudou s\u00a0to pochopit, jin\u00ed budou nav\u017edy p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni o\u00a0sv\u00e9 pravd\u011b, by\u0165 by byla sebeblb\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. D\u00e1 se ale n\u011bjak dok\u00e1zat, co je opravdu lep\u0161\u00ed a jestli m\u00e1 to pravidlo skute\u010dn\u011b n\u011bjak\u00e9 opodstatn\u011bn\u00ed a objektivn\u00ed v\u00fdznam? Podle m\u011b\u00a0ano. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm si ujasn\u011bme jednu v\u011bc. Pokud je … Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed textu M\u00e1 „pravidlo zipu“ smysl?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vseobecne"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pixy.cz\/pixynergia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pixy.cz\/pixynergia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pixy.cz\/pixynergia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pixy.cz\/pixynergia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pixy.cz\/pixynergia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=248"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/pixy.cz\/pixynergia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":254,"href":"https:\/\/pixy.cz\/pixynergia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248\/revisions\/254"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pixy.cz\/pixynergia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pixy.cz\/pixynergia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pixy.cz\/pixynergia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}