{"id":685,"date":"2019-02-14T04:33:00","date_gmt":"2019-02-14T03:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pixy.cz\/pixynergia\/?p=685"},"modified":"2023-12-30T02:42:05","modified_gmt":"2023-12-30T01:42:05","slug":"skola-hrou-mozna-ale-hlavne-zadne-novoty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pixy.cz\/pixynergia\/2019\/02\/14\/skola-hrou-mozna-ale-hlavne-zadne-novoty","title":{"rendered":"\u0160kola hrou mo\u017en\u00e1, ale hlavn\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 novoty!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Jan Amos Komensk\u00fd nav\u0161t\u00edvil vyhl\u00e1\u0161enou v\u011b\u0161tkyni a\ncht\u011bl v\u011bd\u011bt, jak bude vypadat vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u011bda v\u00a0dalek\u00e9 budoucnosti. Ta\nse pod\u00edvala do k\u0159i\u0161\u0165\u00e1lov\u00e9 koule a pov\u00edd\u00e1: \u201eVid\u00edm \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9, dosud\nnev\u00eddan\u00e9 v\u011bci. Vid\u00edm stroje, kter\u00e9 lid\u00e9 sestavili, aby jim se v\u0161\u00edm\npom\u00e1haly. Stroje, kter\u00e9 znaj\u00ed v\u0161echno v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed lidstva, kter\u00e9 na\npo\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed poskytnou jakoukoli znalost v\u0161ech encyklopedi\u00ed sv\u011bta, znaj\u00ed\nv\u0161echny slovn\u00edky v\u0161ech jazyk\u016f, v\u0161echny knihy a pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed, co kdy byly\nseps\u00e1ny. Jsou v\u00a0nich ve\u0161ker\u00e9 d\u011bjiny i\u00a0mapy v\u0161ech zem\u00ed, cel\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru\na v\u0161ech hv\u011bzd, b\u011bhem okam\u017eiku mohou v\u00e1m uk\u00e1zat jak\u00e9koli m\u00edsto na Zemi\n\u010di na obloze, jejich vyobrazen\u00ed ba i\u00a0modely v\u0161ech velk\u00fdch m\u011bst a\nv\u00fdzna\u010dn\u00fdch pam\u00e1tek. Um\u00ed samy spo\u010d\u00edtat ka\u017edou \u00falohu, nar\u00fdsovat ka\u017ed\u00fd\npl\u00e1n, uk\u00e1zat i\u00a0poznat ka\u017edi\u010dkou rostlinu a zv\u00ed\u0159e na Zemi, uk\u00e1zat ka\u017ed\u00fd\nnamalovan\u00fd obraz a zahr\u00e1t v\u0161echny skladby, co kdy byly slo\u017eeny, \u2026\u201c\u00a0\u2013\n\u201eAle to je p\u0159ece \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9,\u201c \u017easne Jan \u00c1mos, \u201ea jak v\u00a0t\u00e9to\n\u00fa\u017easupln\u00e9 dob\u011b pak prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u00fduka v\u00a0\u0161kol\u00e1ch?\u201c\u00a0\u2013 \u201eNo, vlastn\u011b\nstejn\u011b jako dnes. Oni to maj\u00ed zak\u00e1z\u00e1no ve \u0161kole pou\u017e\u00edvat.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n

Za\u010dnu trochu oklikou a n\u011bkolika nudn\u00fdmi archivn\u00edmi fotkami.<\/p>\n\n

Toto je sv\u00e9ho \u010dasu nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010d Cray<\/em>. St\u00e1l asi\n8\u00a0milion\u016f dolar\u016f a kraloval jako nejv\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d na sv\u011bt\u011b a\u017e\ndo po\u010d\u00e1tku 80.\u00a0let. Pak ho v\u00fdkonem poprv\u00e9 p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm\n1\u00a0GigaFlops<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 tj. 1\u00a0miliardu operac\u00ed za sekundu\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159ekonal\nn\u00e1stupce Cray-2.<\/p>\n\n

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IBM IBM Deep Blue<\/em>. Slavn\u00fd \u0161achov\u00fd superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010d, kter\u00fd v\u00a0roce\n1996\u00a0porazil \u00fa\u0159aduj\u00edc\u00edho mistra sv\u011bta Garryho Kasparova. V\u00fdkon\n11\u00a0GigaFlops<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n

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Intel ASCI Red<\/em>, kr\u00e1l superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f p\u0159elomu tis\u00edcilet\u00ed. P\u0159ed\n20\u00a0lety poprv\u00e9 prolomil v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edm v\u00fdkonem hranici 1\u00a0TeraFlops<\/em>,\ntedy bilion v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edch operac\u00ed za sekundu. Ano, milion milion\u016f operac\u00ed.\nZa sekundu. Obsahoval p\u0159es 6\u00a0tis\u00edc procesor\u016f Pentium Pro, m\u011bl n\u011bco p\u0159es\n1\u00a0TB pam\u011bti a st\u00e1l t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 50\u00a0milion\u016f dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

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Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, tohle je modern\u00ed smartphone. Pochopiteln\u011b, je to\nza\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, co um\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 i\u00a0telefonovat, ale \u0159\u00edkat tomu \u201etelefon\u201c\nje vlastn\u011b stra\u0161n\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed: v\u00edc ne\u017e telefon je to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm\nv\u0161estrann\u00fd kapesn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d.<\/p>\n\n

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No dobr\u00e1, ale nep\u0159eh\u00e1n\u011bj, on je to jenom takov\u00fd kapesn\u00ed \u201ejakoby\npo\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u201c. Takov\u00e1 zjednodu\u0161en\u00e1 pidiverze, \u0159ekl by leckdo\u2026 Zat\u00edm\nposledn\u00ed iPhone<\/em> z\u00a0konce roku 2018\u00a0z\u00a0konce roku 2018\u00a0m\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165\np\u016fl TB a v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed v\u00fdkon u\u017e p\u0159esko\u010dil hranici 1\u00a0TeraFlops<\/em>.\nSrovn\u00e1v\u00e1te to s\u00a0t\u00edm superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010dem naho\u0159e? A\u00a0\u0159\u00edk\u00e1te si, \u017ee tam je\nasi n\u011bjak\u00e1 chyba? Ne, nen\u00ed. Ta hala pln\u00e1 sk\u0159\u00edn\u00ed, v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edch modul\u016f a\ndiskov\u00fdch pol\u00ed, a modern\u00ed smartphone ve va\u0161\u00ed kapse jsou \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b\nsrovnateln\u011b v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. To nejsou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9\natrapy.<\/p>\n\n

Nos\u00edme v\u00a0kaps\u00e1ch superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010de, o\u00a0jak\u00fdch m\u011bli in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i p\u0159ed\np\u00e1r desetilet\u00edmi jen vlhk\u00e9\u00a0sny.<\/h3>\n\n

Rozd\u00edl mezi posledn\u00edm iPhonem a on\u00edm s\u00e1lov\u00fdm ANSI Redem je pouh\u00fdch\ndvacet let. Stejn\u00fd rozd\u00edl je mezi dne\u0161kem a dobou p\u0159edinternetovou.\nVzpomenete si je\u0161t\u011b, jak\u00e9 to tehdy bylo? Bez Wikipedie, online map a\nslovn\u00edk\u016f? Bez emailu a SMS? S\u00a0fo\u0165\u00e1ky na kinofilm, hudbou a filmy na\np\u00e1sk\u00e1ch a plack\u00e1ch? S\u00a0kalend\u00e1\u0159em na stole, pap\u00edrov\u00fdm adres\u00e1\u0159em a\npouzdrem na vizitky. S\u00a0telefony s\u00a0kroucenou \u0161\u0148\u016frou, faxy a v\u011b\u010dn\u011b\nrozbit\u00fdmi automaty v\u00a0podchodech. Odk\u00e1z\u00e1ni na zpr\u00e1vy a p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f po\u010das\u00ed\nv\u00a0novin\u00e1ch, televizi a r\u00e1diu. Je to jen p\u00e1r let, a p\u0159itom je to tak\nstra\u0161n\u011b\u00a0d\u00e1vno\u2026<\/p>\n\n

N\u011bjak\u00fd genera\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159ed\u011bl tu byl v\u017edycky a v\u017edycky bude. Sta\u0159\u00ed\nmlad\u00fdm nerozum\u00ed a nech\u00e1pou je, co sv\u011bt sv\u011btem stoj\u00ed. Roz\u010diluj\u00ed se, jak\nsi m\u016f\u017eou dovolit d\u011blat v\u011bci \u201ejinak ne\u017e jsme je d\u011blali my\u201c. To je\np\u00edsni\u010dka star\u00e1 snad u\u017e od prav\u011bku. Jenom\u017ee dnes je to cel\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b\no\u00a0po\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd kus d\u00e1l, ne\u017e b\u00fdvalo zvykem. Na\u0161e d\u011bti, dne\u0161n\u00ed teenage\u0159i (a\nmlad\u0161\u00ed) se krom\u011b t\u011bch obvykl\u00fdch genera\u010dn\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f nav\u00edc narodily do\nhodn\u011b jin\u00e9ho sv\u011bta ne\u017e my. Sta\u010d\u00ed se jen ohl\u00e9dnout a pod\u00edvat se, jak\nstra\u0161n\u011b se sv\u011bt za posledn\u00edch 20\u00a0let zm\u011bnil. Po\u010d\u00edta\u010de byly je\u0161t\u011b\nv\u00a090.\u00a0letech po\u0159\u00e1d trochu okrajov\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitost pro podiv\u00edny s\u00a0velk\u00fdmi\nbr\u00fdlemi, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd internet, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 mobily, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 roboty a automaty.\nP\u011bkn\u011b po\u0159\u00e1d postaru: pap\u00edry, raz\u00edtka, r\u00fdsovac\u00ed prkna, po\u0161ta, \u0161anony,\ntelefon a fax, coby symbol pokroku kalkula\u010dka na stole. Dne\u0161n\u00ed technologie\nbyly po\u0159\u00e1d v\u00a0plenk\u00e1ch a sv\u011bt se od fungov\u00e1n\u00ed C&K\u00a0mocn\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed\nli\u0161il jen v\u00a0m\u00e1lo podstatn\u00fdch detailech. Zm\u011bny za posledn\u00edch 20\u00a0let jsou\nale obrovsk\u00e9 a asi v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00a0sou\u010dtu za p\u0159edchoz\u00edch 200\u00a0let.<\/p>\n\n

Technologie zm\u011bnily v\u0161echno, sou\u017eit\u00ed s\u00a0nimi je t\u011bsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, a rostou\nz\u00e1vratnou rychlost\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd den p\u0159ibudou stovky nov\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, nov\u00fdch\nv\u011bc\u00ed denn\u00ed pot\u0159eby p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch na internet, ovladateln\u00fdch mobilem.\nDne\u0161n\u00ed d\u011bti u\u017e ani po\u010d\u00edta\u010de moc nezaj\u00edmaj\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 ale mobil je u\u017e\nsamoz\u0159ejmou a ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jejich \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n

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P\u0159edm\u011bty z\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota rodi\u010d\u016f a jin\u00fdch dinosaur\u016f.<\/em><\/p>\n\n

Pozn\u00e1v\u00e1te v\u011bci na obr\u00e1zku? Pokud jste pro\u017eili 80.\u00a0a 90.\u00a0l\u00e9ta, pak\nskoro ur\u010dit\u011b. Ov\u0161em dne\u0161n\u00ed d\u011bti u\u017e mnoh\u00e9 z\u00a0nich nepoznaj\u00ed, pro n\u011b je\nto zapr\u00e1\u0161en\u00e1 historie a v\u0161echna tahle ud\u011bl\u00e1tka (a tis\u00edce dal\u0161\u00edch)\nznaj\u00ed \u201ejen\u201c jako aplikaci ve sv\u00e9m mobilu.<\/p>\n\n

Cel\u00fd hodiny jen \u010dum\u00ed do t\u011bch debiln\u00edch hr\u010d\u00e1k\u016f a \u010du\u010d\u00e1k\u016f, a nic\npo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdho ned\u011blaj\u00ed\u2026<\/h3>\n\n

Ono to s\u00a0t\u00edm \u201e\u010du\u010den\u00edm do mobilu\u201c nen\u00ed jen tak. T\u0159eba j\u00e1 jsem si\nb\u011bhem dne p\u0159e\u010detl noviny, kousek kn\u00ed\u017eky, m\u011bl dv\u011b pracovn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed,\npokecal si s\u00a0n\u011bkolika kamar\u00e1dy, pl\u00e1noval v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed sraz a p\u0159ipravil menu\nna grilov\u00e1n\u00ed, vy\u0159\u00eddil dce\u0159i potvrzen\u00ed do \u0161koly, p\u00e1r hodin vyd\u011bl\u00e1val\npen\u00edze, pustil jsem si p\u00e1r desek, zkouknul d\u00edl seri\u00e1lu, d\u00edval se\npr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b na zpravodajstv\u00ed v\u00a0televizi nebo poslouchal r\u00e1dio, napsal p\u00e1r\nb\u00e1sni\u010dek pro kamar\u00e1da a taky nakoupil p\u00e1r v\u011bc\u00ed a objednal instalat\u00e9ra a\nje\u0161t\u011b asi pades\u00e1t dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 ale z\u00a0vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho pohledu jsem deset\nhodin jenom \u010du\u010del do po\u010d\u00edta\u010de\u2026 I\u00a0ten mobil je jen n\u00e1stroj. Uv\u011bdomme si\nale, co v\u0161echno v\u00a0n\u011bm ty d\u011bti maj\u00ed, co se za t\u00edm v\u0161echno skr\u00fdv\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n

To toti\u017e nen\u00ed v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd telefon. Tak tomu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me jen ze zvyku. Ve\nskute\u010dnosti to je jejich cel\u00fd sv\u011bt\u00a0\u2013 podobn\u00fd, jak\u00fd jsme m\u011bli my, jen\nzhu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd do jedin\u00e9 krabi\u010dky. Mobil je jejich komunika\u010dn\u00ed centr\u00e1la,\npo\u0161ta, slovn\u00edk, kalkula\u010dka, encyklopedie, poradce, jejich sb\u00edrka gramodesek,\njejich brav\u00ed\u010dko, Sally, jejich hitpar\u00e1da, televize, kino, r\u00e1dio, noviny,\njejich pam\u00e1tn\u00ed\u010dek, milostn\u00e9 vzkazy a hol\u010di\u010d\u00ed den\u00edky, jejich fotoalbum,\njejich flexareta a \u0161estn\u00e1ctka kamera, jejich kytara na zdi a plak\u00e1ty kolem,\nj\u00edzdn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dy, atlasy sv\u011bta i\u00a0pl\u00e1nek obchod\u00e1ku, jejich adres\u00e1\u0159, jejich\ntelefonn\u00ed senam, jejich hodinov\u00e9 hovory v\u00a0koupeln\u011b s\u00a0kamar\u00e1dkou\u2026 Je to\nv\u0161echno, co jsme m\u011bli my, a je\u0161t\u011b spousta nav\u00edc\u00a0\u2013 a v\u0161e zkoncentrovan\u00e9\ndo\u00a0kapsy.<\/p>\n\n

Kdo d\u011btem bere mobil, bere jim tohle v\u0161echno.<\/p>\n\n

A\u00a0t\u011bch dal\u0161\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak\u00e9 tenhle kapesn\u00ed superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010d\n(nemluv\u011b o\u00a0tabletech) sk\u00fdt\u00e1 pro vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u0161echno v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed lidstva\nna dosah, v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed, simula\u010dn\u00ed, modelovac\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje\no\u00a0neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9m v\u00fdkonu v\u00a0kapse u\u00a0kalhot.<\/p>\n\n

Bohu\u017eel jedin\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak s\u00a0t\u00edmhle darem na\u0161e \u0161kolstv\u00ed um\u00ed\nnalo\u017eit, je vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kazu ho pou\u017e\u00edvat.<\/h3>\n\n

Jen minimum \u0161kol dok\u00e1\u017ee mobily a tablety pou\u017e\u00edvat ve v\u00fduce, a z\u00a0nich\nmiziv\u00e9 procento je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 aktivn\u011b a c\u00edlen\u011b. Naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina \u0161kol\nmobily prost\u011b v\u00a0hodin\u00e1ch zakazuje, \u010dasto se objevuj\u00ed i\u00a0naprosto\nzp\u00e1te\u010dnick\u00e9 tendence zak\u00e1zat je d\u011btem do \u0161kol nosit \u00fapln\u011b. To\nnepochopen\u00ed sv\u011bta, v\u00fdvoje a sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed technologi\u00ed, zp\u00e1te\u010dnick\u00e1\nzaostalost a \u017ealostn\u00e1 neschopnost \u0161kolstv\u00ed je alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Je naprost\u00fd nesmysl p\u0159ed v\u00fdvojem a pokrokem zav\u00edrat o\u010di a jednodu\u0161e\ntakov\u00e9 technologie zakazovat\u00a0\u2013 proto\u017ee na\u0161i d\u011bde\u010dkov\u00e9 to taky nem\u011bli a\ntaky \u017eili, \u017ee\u00e1no\u2026 My to mus\u00edme jen usm\u011brnit a nau\u010dit sv\u00e9 d\u011bti s\u00a0t\u011bmi\ntechnologiemi dob\u0159e \u017e\u00edt, pomoct jim nastavit pravidla a mantinely. Z\u00e1kaz je\nblbost a d\u00edt\u011b bez smartphonu je dnes u\u017e definitivn\u011b anachronismus.<\/p>\n\n

Co vlastn\u011b chceme, aby z\u00a0na\u0161ich d\u011bt\u00ed bylo, a\u017e vyrostou?<\/h3>\n\n

Opravdu do nich chceme po\u0159\u00e1d hustit ty \u00fapln\u011b zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 informace? Pro\u010d\npo\u0159\u00e1d chceme pou\u017e\u00edvat ten star\u00fd model \u0161kolstv\u00ed vytvo\u0159en\u00fd kdysi jednak\nk\u00a0rozt\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed studiaschopn\u00fdch jedinc\u016f od v\u011bt\u0161iny blb\u00fdch sedl\u00e1k\u016f,\njednak v\u00a0v\u00fdrob\u011b poslu\u0161n\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f a efektivn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f\u00a0\u2013\nproto\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b s\u00a0t\u011bmito \u00famysly ten terezi\u00e1nsk\u00fd model \u0161kolstv\u00ed se\nstriktn\u00edm rozd\u011blen\u00edm na p\u0159edm\u011bty, zn\u00e1mkov\u00e1n\u00edm a c\u00edlen\u00edm na poslu\u0161nost\nvznikl. Ani sebelep\u0161\u00ed modern\u00ed reformy z\u00a0n\u011bj tu prapodstatu nedok\u00e1zaly\nvym\u00fdtit.<\/p>\n\n

\u0160kola dnes mus\u00ed m\u00edt jin\u00e9 \u00fakoly, a to dost jin\u00e9<\/em> ne\u017e p\u0159ed\n200\u00a0nebo i\u00a0p\u0159ed 20\u00a0lety\u00a0\u2013 tehdy bylo hlavn\u00ed dostat do d\u011bt\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed\nobjem informac\u00ed a znalost\u00ed a nau\u010dit je z\u00edsk\u00e1vat nov\u00e9. Sv\u011bt se ale zm\u011bnil\nzcela z\u00e1sadn\u011b v\u00a0tom, \u017ee informac\u00ed je naopak nadbytek, jsme jimi zavaleni a\nz\u00edsk\u00e1vat pasivn\u00ed znalosti nen\u00ed moc u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9. Dnes je hlavn\u00ed nau\u010dit se\ns\u00a0informacemi pracovat, p\u0159eb\u00edrat je, vyb\u00edrat ty relevantn\u00ed a nau\u010dit se\ndob\u0159e hodnotit jejich v\u011brohodnost. Tam se \u0161kola dneska mus\u00ed orientovat.\nJinak ze sv\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed neud\u011bl\u00e1me sebev\u011bdom\u00e9 ob\u010dany schopn\u00e9 krotit,\nvyu\u017e\u00edvat a tvo\u0159it technologie, ale jen dal\u0161\u00ed tup\u00e9 krmivo pro dal\u0161\u00ed\nasijsk\u00e9 montovny.<\/p>\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed moje pozn\u00e1mky k\u00a0t\u00e9matu:<\/p>\n\n